Constitutional Articles

Article 356

Provides for President's Rule in a state when its constitutional machinery fails.

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Study materialThe Constituent Assembly: Drafting the Indian Constitution, B.R. Ambedkar and Key DebatesThe Constituent Assembly of India, established in 1946, was responsible for drafting the Indian Constitution, with Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as its principal architect, and it engaged in significant debates on rights, representation, and the structure of governance. Current affairsInter-State Council (Amendment) Order 2026: Governors and Lt. Governors to Participate During President's RuleThe Ministry of Home Affairs notified the Inter-State Council (Amendment) Order, 2026 on September 19, replacing the original 1990 proviso to specify four situations — including President's Rule under Article 356 and Article 239AB — in which the Governor or Lieutenant Governor of a State or Union Territory shall be invited to attend Inter-State Council meetings. The amendment strengthens the Centre-State coordination mechanism during periods of central administration. Current affairsPRAHAAR: India's First National Counter-Terrorism Policy and Strategy — A Whole-of-Government FrameworkThe Ministry of Home Affairs released PRAHAAR — India's first comprehensive National Counter-Terrorism Policy and Strategy — on 23 February 2026. The eight-page doctrine integrates counter-terrorism, counter-radicalization, cybersecurity, and coordinated response under a "whole-of-government" and "whole-of-society" framework anchored in the UAPA, PMLA, and the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita. Current affairsTaxation and Other Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2026: Parliament Grants Tax Exemptions to FIIs, Diamond Traders, Data Centres and Investment FundsParliament has passed the Taxation and Other Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2026 — cleared by Lok Sabha on 6 August and Rajya Sabha on 10 August — replacing an Ordinance issued on 5 June 2026. The Bill grants income-tax exemptions to Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) and the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) on government securities, extends incentives for diamond and electronics manufacturing, removes restrictions on offshore investment funds, and expands data-centre tax benefits.

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